See -ē on Wiktionary
{
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{
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"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"early -æ"
],
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{
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},
{
"descendants": [
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"descendants": [
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"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
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"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
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"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
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"raw_tags": [
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],
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or fossilized"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hessian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "-e"
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],
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-oey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-oey",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "*-os",
"3": "*-ey",
"nocat": "1",
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"pos2": "dative singular suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-os (a-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂ey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ey",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"3": "*-ey",
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"pos2": "dative singular suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of two older dative singular suffixes:\n* In a-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-ai, from Proto-Indo-European *-oey or *-oy, from *-os (a-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix) or *-i (locative singular suffix).\n* In ō-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-ōi, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ey, from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ē",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ē",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "stain(a) (“stone”) + -ē → *stainē (“to the stone”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the dative singulars of a-stem and ō-stem nouns."
],
"id": "en--ē-gmw-pro-suffix-aqQG8u74",
"links": [
[
"dative",
"Appendix:Glossary#dative"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ē"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"early -æ"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
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"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
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"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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"raw_tags": [
"archaic or fossilized"
],
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or fossilized"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hessian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-e"
}
],
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{
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{
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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"3": "*-ey",
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"pos2": "dative singular suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-os (a-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂ey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ey",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂",
"3": "*-ey",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "eh₂-stem suffix",
"pos2": "dative singular suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of two older dative singular suffixes:\n* In a-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-ai, from Proto-Indo-European *-oey or *-oy, from *-os (a-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix) or *-i (locative singular suffix).\n* In ō-stems, from Proto-Germanic *-ōi, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ey, from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) + *-ey (dative singular suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ē",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ē",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Proto-West Germanic suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "stain(a) (“stone”) + -ē → *stainē (“to the stone”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the dative singulars of a-stem and ō-stem nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"dative",
"Appendix:Glossary#dative"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ē"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ē meaning in All languages combined (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.